Mobility Tolerant Multicast for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Principal
Investigator
Sandeep K. S. Gupta
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science
and Engineering
Arizona State University
sandeep.gupta@asu.edu
Current Graduate Students
Current REU Students
Graduated Students
-
Georgios Varsamopoulos, PhD
-
Ganesh Sridharan, MS
-
Chetan Reddy, MS
-
Aarthi Natarajan, MS
Sponsor
Application Requirement
Multi-cast involves sending
messages to a restricted group of processes and forms the
basis for efficient implementation of group based
applications on a distributed system. But in mobile ad hoc
networks the topology of the network changes with node
movements, variations in the radio propagation conditions,
and depletion of battery power of the nodes. Thus, the
network can experience frequent network partitioning and may
require reconfiguration of the partitioned subnetworks. Efficient solutions for
performing multi-casting in mobile ad hoc networks are
required so that the application gets desirable QoS in spite
of the route disconnections.
Research Challenges
- Distributed Solutions
- Energy Efficiency
- Adaptability
- Reliability
- Robustness and Fault Tolerance
- Meeting Required QoS
- Low Latency
Research Approach
- MAC Layer Reliable Multicasting
- Energy Aware Cross-Layer Design
- Wireless Group Communication Protocols
- Efficient Route Disconnection Management
- Efficient Recovery
- Proactive Self-stabilizing protocols
- Controlled Triggering of Proactive Protocols
- Energy Management
- Application QoS Consideration
Our Achievements
Development of Self-stabilizing multicast protocol in
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Self-stabilization in distributed system provides
adaptability and reliability in case of transient failures
in the system.
Self-stabilizing network protocols has been an intensive
research area in the field of networking over the years. In our research, self-stabilizing multicast
protocols have been developed to maintain multicast tree in
such a manner that it can tolerate faults occurred in the
network due to mobility of mobile nodes, depletion of energy
etc. Self-stabilizing shortest path spanning tree and
minimum spanning tree have been developed. Periodic beacon
messages are needed to exchange information among the
neighboring nodes. Self-stabilizing action is taken in
distributed wireless nodes whenever there is discrepancy
with the legitimacy upon reception of a beacon message. Once
the network is stabilized to legal state it remains in the
legal state unless another fault occurs. Apart from this,
Self-stabilizing shortest path algorithm has been enhanced
to incorporate energy efficiency in it. The node-based
energy metric that is used in this enhancement minimize the
wasted energy due to the broadcast nature of the wireless
medium which can allow reception energy overhead of
unnecessary packets.
To reduce stabilization latency,
fault-containment has been incorporated to the above
protocols. Fault-containment technique reduces the latency
by preventing the contamination of the effects of single
transient faults within certain region. We have proposed an
improvement to this scheme to reduce stabilization latency
even if multiple faults occur in the close proximity to each
other.
We have conducted extensive simulations and have also
mathematically analyzed our protocol’s throughput-delay
characteristics. The protocols have been simulated using
NS-2 and a detailed comparison has been done with other
multicast protocols like MAODV and ODMRP. Our analytical
study determines the beacon interval required to achieve the
QoS requirement of an application. It also depends on the
route disconnection rate and the multicast traffic
generation rate for the application.
Publication
S. K. S. Gupta, and P. K.
Srimani, Core-Base Tree with Forwarding Regions (CBT-FR):
A Protocol for Reliable Mulitcasting in Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks, Journal of Parallel and Distributed
Computing, Special Issue on Routing. To appear. [PDF]
P. K. Srimani and S. K. S. Gupta.
Self-Stabilizing Multicast Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks.
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 63, no.
1, pp. 87-96, 2003 [PDF]
Ganesh Sridharan.
Energy-Efficient Shortest Path Self-Stabilizing Multicast
Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. MS Thesis,
Arizona State University, May 2004. [Document
|
Presentation]
S. K. S Gupta and T. Mukherjee,
Expediting Fault-Containment of a Self-Stabilizing
Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,
Submitted to Transaction on Dependable and Secure Computing
[PPT]
MAC Layer Reliable Multicasting
In our
research, we have focused on single-hop multicast
reliability at the Medium Access Control (MAC) level. Apart
from meeting the requirements of the above mentioned
applications, MAC level reliable multicast also increases
link quality and dependability as perceived by multicast
protocols at the higher layers. Local error recovery
increases end-to-end goodput and reduces latency for
applications requiring reliability. Further, we can increase
overall multicast efficiency by harnessing the wireless
broadcast advantage at the MAC level.
We have proposed the
802.11MX
reliable multicast extension to the IEEE 802.11 standard. We
have conducted extensive simulations and have also
mathematically analyzed our protocol’s throughput-delay
characteristics. Our simulation results validate our
analysis. The protocol is scalable and its throughput
efficiency is not affected by station mobility. 802.11MX
drops about 0.1% of data packets as compared to the 40% of
IEEE 802.11 multicast under similar channel and traffic
conditions.
Publication
S. K. S. Gupta, V. Shankar, S.
Lalwani, Reliable Multicast MAC Protocol for Wireless
LANs, IEEE International Conference on
Communications, 2003. ICC '03. Volume: 1, 2003, Page(s):
93-97. [PDF]
Energy Efficient Multicast Protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc
Networks
We have proposed a framework for energy-efficient
multicasting, which can be used for two different multicast
optimization goals: minimizing energy consumption and
maximizing lifetime, two different multicast distribution
trees: source-based tree and group-shared tree. The
framework can also adapt to the dynamic nature of wireless
network, such as link error rate. The basic idea of our
approach is: a node switches from its connected tree
neighbor to another node so that energy consumption in
multicasting can be reduced or multicast lifetime can be
extended.
We have proved that our refinement approach only needs local
knowledge, and discovered the conditions for the
simultaneous refinements. Applying the framework, we have
proposed three distributed energy-efficient multicast
protocols: G-REMiT , S-REMiT , and L-REMiT. G-REMiT is used
for minimizing energy consumption of group-shared multicast
tree. S-REMiT and L-REMiT are used for minimizing energy
consumption and maximizing tree-lifetime of a source-based
multicast tree, respectively. Our simulation results show
that the above three protocols perform better than all other
known algorithms.
Publication
Bin Wang and Sandeep K.S.
Gupta, G-REMiT: An algorithm for building energy
efficient multicast trees in wireless ad hoc networks,
Second IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and
Applications, 16-18 April 2003, Page(s): 265-272. [PDF
|
PPT]
Bin Wang and SandeepK.S.
Gupta, ,
Proc. of IEEE 2003 Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM),
San Francisco, CA, Dec. 2003. [PDF
|
PPT]
Application
A cooperative caching scheme in
wireless ad hoc networks
We have proposed a
cooperative caching scheme for wireless ad hoc networks, which helps
to improve data availability and access efficiency. The study is
focused on two basic problems for cooperative caching: cache
resolution and cache management. For cache resolution, a mobile node
dynamically determines the best data source for information
retrievement. For cache management, we try to minimize caching
duplications between neighboring nodes and use the cooperative cache
to store more distinctive data items to improve the overall
performance. We also investigated multicast-based cooperative
caching, where cooperative caching groups are mapped to multicast
groups.
Publication
Y. Du and S. K. S. Gupta,
Cache Management in Wireless and Mobile Computing Environments,
Handbook of Mobile Computing, CRC Press, 2004.
A. Kahol, S. Khurana, S. K. S. Gupta, and P. K.
Srimani, A Strategy to Manage Cache Consistency in a Distributed
Mobile Wireless Environment. IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed
Systems, pp 686-700, vol. 12(7), July 2001.
Robert Fisher is currently integrating mobility-tolerant multicasting
in Ayushman,
a sensor network based medical monitoring infrastructure
and testbed.
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